Decarbonization of transport and mobility sector constitutes a challenging issue since the utilization only of power from renewables appears to be lacking to achieve an ambitious target in the short-to-medium term. The production of usable fuels, specifically hydrogen, from sustainable biomass can provide an essential contribution to reduce harmful emissions from transportation. In this chapter, reforming processes for fuel production from biomass are analyzed. The study is especially focused on innovative technologies based on membrane reactors to efficiently carry out the conversion of biomass into hydrogen. A technoeconomic assessment of membrane technologies is also included as well as an analysis of the main barriers still to be overcome for the effective diffusion of these advanced processes. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.